Portugal is known not only for fado, pastéis de nata, and stunning beaches – the country also boasts a rich tradition of breeding unique dog breeds. Many Portuguese dogs are true working animals, with backgrounds in herding livestock or assisting fishermen. Here are 10 Portuguese dog breeds you absolutely need to know.
1. Cão de Água Português (Portuguese Water Dog)
The most famous dog breed from Portugal is the Portuguese Water Dog, thanks in part to former U.S. President Obama, who had two. The Portuguese Water Dog is intelligent, energetic, and loves to swim. Originally, it helped fishermen haul in nets and assisted on board.
2. Serra da Estrela
An imposing mountain dog from the Serra da Estrela region. This watchful and loyal dog was traditionally used to guard sheep from predators. Brave and independent, it is extremely devoted to its family.
3. Cão de Castro Laboreiro
A rare and ancient breed from northern Portugal. The Castro Laboreiro Dog is powerful, independent, and an excellent guardian. Not suitable for novice owners, but an impressive dog with strong character.
4. Cão de Fila de São Miguel (Saint Michael’s Mastiff)
A compact, muscular cattle dog from São Miguel Island (Azores). This dog is fierce, protective, and extremely devoted. It needs a strong leader and is not a dog for everyone, but a loyal working dog through and through.
5. Podengo Português
A hunting dog that comes in three sizes: small, medium, and large. The Podengo is lively, intelligent, and known for its sharp nose and agility. Still used today for rabbit hunting.
6. Rafeiro do Alentejo
A calm and noble guard dog from the Alentejo region. This dog guarded flocks and farmsteads, and is known for its composed yet alert nature. Large, strong, and loyal – a quiet powerhouse.
7. Barbado da Terceira
A medium-sized, long-haired Portuguese herding dog from Terceira Island (Azores). This cheerful, social dog is energetic and highly trainable. It is quite rare outside Portugal but is growing in popularity as a family dog.
8. Cão do Gado Transmontano
One of the largest Portuguese dog breeds, originating from Trás-os-Montes. This imposing dog was bred to protect livestock from wolves. It is calm, balanced, and needs plenty of space.
9. Perdigueiro Galego
A rare breed from the border region of northern Portugal and Galicia (Spain). The Perdigueiro Galego is a small to medium-sized hunting dog known for its stamina, sharp nose, and calm nature. It was mainly used for hunting partridges and other small game. In Portugal, it is recognized as a regional breed, though it is virtually unknown outside the Iberian Peninsula.
10. Perdigueiro Português (Portuguese Pointer)
An elegant and reliable hunting dog, related to other European pointers. This dog is friendly, cooperative, and has an excellent nose. Ideal for active owners interested in dog sports or scent work.
Portuguese dog breeds are as diverse as Portugal’s landscapes. Whether you’re looking for a loyal guard dog, a clever water lover, or an active hunter – Portugal has it. Many of these breeds are rare outside their homeland, but those who get to know them discover characterful, loyal dogs with deep roots in Portuguese culture.
